hypnosis for most people means a process in which one person called a hypnotist influences on behavior and experience of another article as the subject. subject apparently becomes a kind dolls of the hypnotist. Also common is the idea that the subject in a kind of dream. However, only one of these statements that is unambiguously true is the first sentence.
No one doubts that people can influence each other. statement that hypnosis is a kind of sleep is clearly false, as is well known beyond any doubt that the hypnotized person is no longer asleep, but someone involved in reading a book or absorbed in solving problems. other statement, that the subject is a puppet of the hypnotist's definitely not true. In fact, for hundreds of years, psychologists and other academics are "hard" whether or not there really any scientific or logical reason for the term "hypnosis" at all. It is argued by many that there is no evidence to support any particular state of mind called hypnosis, because in reality it does not do everything possible that we can not do without it. These points will be further enhanced as follows.
One thing that no one disagrees is the fact that human imagination can make a tremendous power over our behavior, we believe, what we perceive, our emotional experience, our physiology or balance of processes in our bodies, even and what we can achieve. Furthermore there is no disagreement that a person is "fantasy" can be influenced by other proposals, given that it directly and orally or through the media, books, theater, radio or movies. There is no disagreement that some people have the imagination to be easily influenced by others. Some people have the ability to create more 'life like' or real ideas and images in their minds of others, to be more completely absorbed in these ideas and images and to close what is happening around them. There is no disagreement that there are some well established techniques and "laws" of how people's imagination is affected. These laws are proposed.
"Hypnosis" is the art of influencing another person's imagination and, therefore, potentially, to a person's behavior and experience. So he claimed that "hypnosis" is what we all do (and are subjected to) every day as uTijekom communicating with others or seek to influence them or not affect them. As an example of unconscious influence in everyday life, I've had clients visit me in a state of anxiety because their doctor told them: "hmm, blood pressure is very low." The doctor thought he was complimenting his patient, but had inadvertently started the patient on the imagination negative way.
People in professional positions, such as lawyers and doctors should be careful about their word choice and care with which to explain things because their utterings have substantial power, and suggestive of their clients, often in the anxious state of mind are particularly susceptible to suggestions (ideas) in relation to the source of their anxiety, for example, a letter from the tax office or recurrent chest pain, etc. This problem is amplified by the fact that people do not always fully understand what their professional consultants to tell them. Furthermore, when people are worried about their minds are "overloaded" and selectively listen to what they say, often ignore or do not absorb the important contextual material. So, they misinterpret what we say, or the vernacular, "go out half cocked ".
background of hypnosis.
I want this manual to be concise and without padding and longwinded historical reference. However, some knowledge of the history of "hypnosis" concept is essential to its understanding. One can use the suggestions back to the track history of healing art and religion in many ancient cultures. European history of hypnosis as we understand it, however, begins with Anton Mesmer (1734-1831). He felt that all space is pervaded by invisible fluid called the gravity of animals or animal magnetism. Our nervous system, it is thought that the channels for that matter. The disease is caused by blockages in the nerve channels and Drug Administration requires that the channels will be unblocked. way to free up these blockages Mesmer thought that the use of magnets. Mesmer believed nickel metal is particularly good for the concentration of Magnetism and he uses it in their treatments. release from the nervous system blockade using magnetism, Mesmer claimed, would cause a "crisis". So his patients after being treated with magnets would fall and begin to twitch and shake. They would then get to arguing that the cure was ailed them.
Mesmer's reputation was such that the French government set up a Commission to examine the reality of his medication. The Commission includes some of the greatest intellectuals in modern history - Benjamin Franklin, Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier, a biologist de Jussieu, Joseph Ignace Guillatin (who invented guillatine as a more humane way of dispatching criminals). This commission does its job so thoroughly that its results have never been effectively challenged. It was determined whether or not people had this "crisis" will depend on whether or not they believed that they were treated with the objects of "magnetized" by Mesmer. lump of lead is only as good as a nickel if the subject was told that the nickel. The crisis can be induced in subjects so that they can touch the tree they said it was magentised Mesmer - Mesmer though he was nowhere near the tree. In other words, the process depends on the reputation of Mesmer and fantasy subjects.
The Commission concluded, quite correctly that Mesmer's "cures" are the work of the imagination. Dr. Mesmer is considered to be discredited, and he ended his days breeding canaries. French investigating team missed something very important, especially štoUzrok dramatic phenomena not logical to cut them. It was apparently outside the team's brief to investigate deeper into what feats of imagination is very capable of producing. We now know that in sports such as this can be the difference between success and failure, and that imagination can be used to train our conscious control of the autonomic nervous functions, such as heart rate as only a very simple, non-dramatic example.
It is important to note that the Mesmer uses showmanship in their treatments. He was flamboyant. In their group healing sessions on the use of mirrors, music (he was a personal friend of Mozart) and when he judged the mood of the group has reached an appropriate stage, and he appears dressed in a robe wearing lilac glass rod. patients would attract metal rods, like rods, from his "baquet, a tub of water containing glass and iron filings.They to touch and interact with rods. Then they fall in twitch "crisis" (such as teenagers at the big-name rock concerts). before standing up and claiming to be cured.
Abbe '(French priest, a title of respect) Joseph Faria (1756-1819), recognized that all the important things was the desperation of patients or subjects. (very important subject needs and motivation is reinforced throughout this manual.) Dr. AA Liebeault (1823-1904) admitted that "hypnotic phenomena" or hypnosis is the result of suggestion and psychological factors. Respondents had a "crisis" or convulsions, because that is what the public surrounding Mesmer has lead them to expect. Today we know that you do not need any hardware, such as nickel, magnets or iron bars (although the physical tricks and still can be useful tools, and modern practitioners have found it more convenient to use the term "hypnosis" and the state of public expectation of hypnosis as something like a dream that is far less a problem of spasm and less likely to encounter emotional and intellectual resistance. Would you drive, get a seizure before, or put into a harmless dream "?
special national controversy.
As noted above, there is academic debate about the scientific justification for the term "hypnosis". This is not a formal academic debate, but for practical education should be something more to say about it. Many experiments have shown that everything can be done with hypnosis can be done just as well without him. In reality, hypnosis can reduce pain threshold than in someone who is simply using your imagination without the direction of the hypnotist. It is known beyond any doubt that hypnosis can improve your memory, and even a demonstration of hypnotic regression (with a note "to become a child again") are not in reality, an accurate representation of what this person is like as a child. Hard to infantile regression can restore physiological reflex can be found only in childhood, and babies are not standing up to the manuscript a careful examination. The fact that hypnosis does not seem to be anything that can not be done just as well without hypnosis led to a "non-specific state theory" which holds that there is no scientific reason for the term "hypnosis"
This view does not deny the power of imagination when it is used in a methodical way, but just says that using the full power of imagination does not require any "special" state of mind or any rituals. The most famous proponent of this view is TX Barber.
the opposite point of view is that there is sufficient reason for the term "hypnosis" as a special state of mind. big problem for the "special state" theorists is the difficulty distinguishing between the "hypnotized" and people who were not subjected to any ceremonies, but were asked to pretend to be hypnotized. pretenders have been able to perform all the perceptual, memory and resistance to pain problems as well as "hypnotized" subjects. One of America's leading special state theorist Martin Orne suggested the concept of "trance logic" which, he said to distinguish "hypnotized" person from making a controlling person. According to Orne if "truly mesmerized, " people were told to hallucinate away twice, and then get directions, such as "will" hallucinated you "please raise their hands", the subjects raise their hands. When the pretenders are treated the same way, Orne said, they do not raise their hands. However, other researchers have found that the Orne experiments with trance logic are not reliably reproduce. My experiments in the clinical setting have failed to replicate Orne discovery.
Professor Peter Sheehan (one of my professors Une) had 2 groups, "hypnotized" group and a group of pretenders and the following recorded instructions. One group was "mesmerized" and respect hypnotic voice instructions from a tape recorder. control group of contenders are following the same images used for instruction, but were told to pretend to be hypnotized. After the session is in progress for some time recorder is designed to "break" instruction so suddenly stopped. According to Sheehan, "hypnotized" the group continued for some time to behave as if they were hypnotized in a trance, slowly waking up, while the pretenders almost immediately fell excuse.
problem in the interpretation of this ingenius experiment lies in the fact that the hypnotized group was selected in the first place for "hypnotic susceptibility, " which means that it has been tested and must display the characteristics of people who are usually said to be "highly hypnotizable". In other words, were selected in the first place, because they behave differently than most people, that the commands are issued and ideas in a certain way, and continue to operated under a completely different set of instructions. Therefore, the fact that they behaved differently from other people, when tape "broke" it should not surprise anyone. One group was concerned that they should be obedient to tape and the second group was less concerned.
Some successful "Special Care" theorists, however, in my opinion, they behave as if they were "non-specific state" theorists. For example, the late Milton Erickson, American psychiatrist who has almost the status of cult leaders among young psychotherapists even before his death, believes that hypnosis involves a special "state". His technique, however, seemed to me from watching videos of his session, suggest otherwise. Erickson, like most good hypnotherapists saw no need to make any special mention "hypnosis" for their patients or undergo any dramatic rituals. He simply took advantage of their patients' needs and expectations of what is quite intuitive, and he engages his imagination with colorful word pictures and stories. He is noted for getting ideas and suggestions to their patients through the use of metaphors or parables, fictional stories that make it a point to a subtle, yet easy to digest way, even "subliminal" ways.
